Immunomodulatory Nutrition in Childhood

Abstract

Introduction: The immune system is a network composed of various cells and molecules that respond collectively against exogenous and endogenous antigens. Currently, infectious diseases remain a public health problem, primarily affecting immunocompromised populations, including infants. Therefore, strengthening the immune system through proper nutrition is crucial. The objective of this work is to review foods with immunomodulatory potential, describing their nutrients and bioactive compounds, and presenting examples of foods that contain them, demonstrating the importance of incorporating them into the diet at an early age. Results: The function of various nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and glutamine, as well as phenolic compounds, in the immune system was described. The role of probiotics in gut immunity was also highlighted, relating the gut microbiota to an essential component of the immune system. Foods such as onions, garlic, apples, papayas, and other common fruits and vegetables in the country were presented. Conclusions: Micronutrients and bioactive compounds can modulate the immune system. Adequate nutrition is essential for the proper development of the immune system and is crucial in childhood, when the immune system is still developing.