Asociación entre anemia en adolescentes embarazadas y peso neonatal al nacer en un hospital de segundo nivel en México

Francisco Javier Castro Apodaca; Gloria María  Peña García; Ana Rosa  Medina Gutiérrez; Dalia  Magaña Ordorica; Javier Abednego Magaña-Gómez; Jesús Gilberto Arámburo Gálvez; Eli Terán Cabanillas; Yuridia Lizet Chaídez Fernández; Jesús Antonio  López Cervantes; Martha González Valenzuela; José David  Soto Apodaca; Adrián  Canizalez Roman; Joel  Murillo Llanes

doi:10.70983/8c64kh59

Authors

Francisco Javier Castro Apodaca Facultad de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-1595
Gloria María Peña García Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-608X
Ana Rosa Medina Gutiérrez Factultad de Enfermeria, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-9470
Dalia Magaña Ordorica Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9307-2119
Javier Abednego Magaña-Gómez Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-6997
Jesús Gilberto Arámburo Gálvez Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-5651
Eli Terán Cabanillas Facultad de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-3852
Yuridia Lizet Chaídez Fernández Facultad de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5717-4736
Jesús Antonio López Cervantes Facultad de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8259-6734
Martha González Valenzuela Facultad de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7379-2040
José David Soto Apodaca Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2521-7219
Adrián Canizalez Roman Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8605-0639
Joel Murillo Llanes Investigador en Hospital de la Mujer Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-2710

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70983/8c64kh59

Keywords:

Anemia, Pregnancy, Low birth weight, Maternal health, Adolescents

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes, especially among adolescents, a group facing greater biological and social vulnerabilities. This study aimed to assess the association between third-trimester maternal anemia and neonatal birth weight in a sample of pregnant adolescents in Mexico. Method: A cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study was conducted through a review of clinical records from a secondary-level public hospital in Culiacán, Sinaloa. Adolescents (≤19 years) with full-term deliveries between January and April 2023 were included. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dL. Neonatal outcomes were compared between mothers with and without anemia, and the relationship between maternal hemoglobin and birth weight was analyzed. Results: A total of 276 pregnant adolescents were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia was 28.98%. The mean birth weight was significantly lower in neonates born to mothers with anemia compared to those without (3,254 g vs. 3,353 g; p = 0.0397), although no association was found with low birth weight (<2,500 g; p > 0.05). No significant correlation was found between maternal hemoglobin levels and neonatal weight. Adolescents aged 13–16 years had a higher risk of anemia compared to those aged 17–19 years (OR: 3.234; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Anemia in pregnant adolescents was associated with a significant reduction in mean neonatal birth weight, without increasing the proportion of low birth weight. These findings highlight the need to strengthen screening and timely treatment of anemia during adolescent pregnancy to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes.

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