El potencial inflamatorio de la dieta y la salud mental en mujeres adultas de Sinaloa: un análisis de componentes específicos del Índice Inflamatorio Dietario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70983/yq5kzg46Palabras clave:
Índice inflamatorio dietario, Inflamación, Estrés, Salud mental, Ansiedad, Depresión, Omega-3, Omega-6, Ácidos grasos transResumen
Introducción: La dieta puede modular la inflamación sistémica, un factor implicado en la salud mental. El Índice Inflamatorio Dietario (IID) cuantifica este potencial. El objetivo fue evaluar la correlación entre el IID (global y componentes) y la salud mental en mujeres mexicanas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto, analítico y transversal con 34 mujeres (18-45 años) de Culiacán, Sinaloa. La dieta se evaluó con tres recordatorios de 24 horas para calcular el IID. La salud mental se midió con la escala DASS-21. Las correlaciones se determinaron con el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La dieta de la muestra fue marcadamente pro-inflamatoria (Mediana IID global: +4.1; Rango intercuartílico: 3.4–4.7). No se encontró correlación significativa entre el IID global y la puntuación de depresión, ansiedad o estrés (p>0.05). El análisis de componentes específicos mostró que la puntuación IID pro-inflamatoria de ácidos grasos omega-6 se correlacionó con mayor ansiedad (r=0.611; p=0.0001), y la puntuación IID de grasas trans se correlacionó positivamente con mayor depresión (r=0.372; p=0.030). Una puntuación de IID positivo para ácidos grasos omega-3 (indicativo de deficiencia) se correlacionó con mayor ansiedad (r=0.425; p=0.012). Conclusión: En esta muestra con una dieta basal pro-inflamatoria, el IID global no fue un predictor de salud mental. Sin embargo, el desequilibrio de ácidos grasos (alto omega-6, alto trans y bajo omega-3) se correlacionó significativamente con mayores síntomas de ansiedad y estrés. Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que el tipo y equilibrio de los lípidos dietéticos pueden ser moduladores de la salud mental.
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