Creatina como Estrategia Ergogénica en el Rendimiento del Voleibol Femenino: Revisión Narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70983/nmt8aa49Palabras clave:
Creatina, Suplementación, VóleibolResumen
Introducción. La creatina es uno de los suplementos ergogénicos más estudiados y con mayor respaldo científico en el ámbito del rendimiento deportivo. Su papel en el sistema fosfágeno (PCr–ATP) permite mantener la homeostasis energética muscular durante esfuerzos breves y de alta intensidad, favoreciendo la resíntesis de ATP, el aumento de la potencia, la fuerza y la recuperación entre esfuerzos repetidos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar críticamente la evidencia científica sobre la suplementación con creatina, abordando desde sus fundamentos bioquímicos hasta su aplicabilidad en distintas disciplinas, con énfasis en su efecto sobre el rendimiento anaeróbico y los vacíos de investigación en mujeres y en el voleibol. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de estudios experimentales, revisiones y metaanálisis publicados entre 2000 y 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MDPI y SpringerLink. Se incluyeron investigaciones que evaluaron la suplementación con creatina monohidrato en deportistas, considerando su impacto en la fuerza, la potencia, la capacidad de salto y la recuperación muscular. Los resultados muestran que la suplementación con creatina incrementa las reservas musculares de fosfocreatina entre un 20 y un 40%, acelerando la resíntesis de ATP y mejorando el rendimiento en ejercicios intermitentes de alta intensidad. Los efectos positivos son consistentes en deportes como fútbol, baloncesto, atletismo de velocidad y balonmano. En cambio, los estudios en mujeres y en voleibol son escasos y metodológicamente heterogéneos; sin embargo, sugieren mejoras en la altura del salto y la resistencia a la fatiga. En conclusión, la creatina es un suplemento seguro y eficaz para optimizar el rendimiento anaeróbico, aunque se requiere fortalecer la evidencia científica en poblaciones femeninas y específicas por disciplina.
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