Impacto de variantes genéticas en el desarrollo de obesidad y sus complicaciones clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70983/pfkhw103Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Inflamación, Variante genética, Metabolismo, CitocinasResumen
Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial caracterizada por un crecimiento anormal del tejido adiposo y un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, asociado con múltiples alteraciones metabólicas. Además de los factores ambientales, diversas variantes de un solo nucleótido (SNVs) en genes que codifican citocinas, adipocinas, y quimiocinas se han vinculado con el mantenimiento del estado inflamatorio y el desarrollo de complicaciones clínicas relacionadas con la obesidad. Resultados: Variantes en genes como NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, TNF-α y GPX1 se asocian con una mayor producción de citocinas proinflamatorias y estrés oxidativo, promoviendo la resistencia a la insulina y mayor riesgo de obesidad. Asimismo, variantes genéticas en ACTN3, ADIPOQ, LEPR e IRS1 influyen en la regulación del metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa, aumentando el riesgo en el desarrollo de dislipidemias, adiposidad, enfermedad cardiovascular y síndrome metabólico. Estos hallazgos sustentan un enfoque clínico integral que considere genética, inflamación y funcionalidad del tejido adiposo para el manejo de la obesidad. Conclusión: La obesidad continúa siendo uno de los principales retos de salud pública a nivel mundial, reconociéndola como una enfermedad compleja influida por factores genéticos, metabólicos, ambientales y psicológicos. El enfoque multidisciplinario y el estudio de variantes genéticas permiten identificar marcadores de predisposición que ayudan al desarrollo de estrategias personalizadas de prevención y tratamiento. Sin embargo, el cuidado de la salud es una responsabilidad personal y colectiva que involucra la adopción de hábitos saludables y del cuidado integral del bienestar físico y mental para prevenir y evitar el desarrollo de esta enfermedad.
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